The Step-by-Step IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) Treatment Process

For many couples, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a journey filled with hope. Understanding the steps involved can demystify the process, reduce anxiety, and help you feel more prepared for the path ahead. While it may seem complex, the IVF process can be broken down into three main stages, each with a clear purpose.

1. Preparation and Ovarian Stimulation

The first step of the treatment is a process known as controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. The goal is to encourage the ovaries to produce multiple mature eggs, rather than the single egg that typically develops each month. This is achieved using hormone medications (injections) over a period of about 10-12 days. Throughout this stage, follicle development is closely monitored with regular ultrasound scans to track progress.

2. Egg Retrieval (OPU) and Fertilization

Once the follicles have reached the optimal size, a "trigger shot" is administered to finalize egg maturation. Approximately 36 hours later, the egg retrieval procedure (OPU) is performed. This is a minor, minimally invasive procedure conducted under light anesthesia, taking only about 15-20 minutes. On the same day, a sperm sample is collected, and in the laboratory, the mature eggs are fertilized with the healthiest sperm using a technique called ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection).

3. Embryo Transfer and Pregnancy Test

Following fertilization, the resulting embryos are carefully monitored in the lab for 3 to 5 days as they grow and develop. The embryologist selects the highest-quality embryo or embryos for transfer. The embryo transfer itself is a simple, painless procedure, similar to a Pap smear, where a thin catheter is used to place the embryo into the uterus. Approximately 12 days later, a blood test (Beta-hCG) is performed to determine if the transfer has resulted in a successful pregnancy.